Direct-current pressure-splitting device



May 20, 1930. A. D. mam 9,7

DIRECT CURRENT PRESSURE SPLITTING DEVICE Filed Dec. 2, 1921 avr yeloflezla 28M,

Patented May 20, 1930 PATENT OFFICE ANGELO DELLA RICCIA, F BRUSSELS, BELGIUM DIRECT-CURRENT PRESS'Q'RE-SPLITTING DEVICE Application filed December 2, 1921, Serial No. 518,558, and in France December 16, 1920.

This invention relates to a system oi supply of electric current from a power circuit to electric interconnected translating devices, such as motors, used for traction, hoisting,

rolling mills and the like; or to storage batteries; from a continuous current main line service at constant pressure, without loss of energy in resistance or in braking, and with regeneration during braking or descent.

An object of the invention is to provide a system or arrangement wherein the main line pressure is divided into a plurality of continuously variable fractions, sundry of which. are equal one to the other, and is supplied to mechanisms for utilizing the current, such as storage batteries, motors or groups of motors, in a gradually increasing or decreasing pressure. A further object of the invention is to allow the electric energy to proceed as much as possible directly from the main line to the said apparatus or inversely, so to diminish, as far as possible, the use of the elements of the regulating machine or arrangement (armatures or their parts) and to thus reduce the size and weight of the said clen'ients, as well as losses in the same; a further object of the invention is to cause rating machine or arrangement to ions secondary functions of a use oi entziters. or other auxiliary appawhich may be necessary to carry the invention properly into eil'ect.

ll hen it is desired to supply operation are with pressure varying between 0 and V, a transformer of the motor-generator type he used, ha ing two motor armatures and r iii-matures in series at the voltage rerator armatin'e supplying a voltc varying from O to V, and the motor alz nitures working at a pressure 6-,, varying from V to O, 6 plus 6 being equal to V.

In the present invention a part of the v ene gy is enabled to pass directly from the main distribution line into the operation motors, means being provided whereby each motor or group of motors may be first connected with the supply line in shunt with a r d armature or armature part of the transformer, as for instance an end armaturn, and whereby the intermediate armaiurcs may atterwards be interposed in both saunts.

In the drawings iormil'ig part hereof: Fig. 1 shows the general arrangement of a converter or pressure splitting device witl ii'our armature parts or sections, the connections being :nodiiicd at will by symmetrical FIX ches K K A diagram of the armatures and th rir connections.

Fig. 3 shows the structural arrangement oi? to t magnets and armatures the ma pla comprising in eonihin driven hv the shairt of to control 1 c working me- In the arrangement sh Fig. l, the motor groups M M are in shunt with the supp j l shunt, a in parallel.

z .fl "lo-up in separate ol' the trr .SfOl'lilEl' are rniatnrcs A A A. controlled by the t:

By means and A Fig and riahle resistances slio of t esc resistances the flux produced by the end field winnings, Fig. 1, may he increased or decreased and at the same time that of the intermediate windings decreased or increased respectively.

Between the armatures or armature is, the shunt line in i hich they are arranged, is tapped, as indicated at 1 12, and 12 and con nected to the contacts of a double sv'itch, composed oi": two symmetrically arranged parts K K the contacts being indicated at 1, 2, 3, i, i, 3, 2, 1, respectively. Shunt leads from the line l0, 14, are connected with the contacts l, l, of the switch, the contacts 2, 2, are directly connected to the point 12, and

the contacts 1, 3, 3, 1, are connected to 11 and 13 respectively. The upper part of the switch controls the current to motors M and the lower part that to motor M Assuming that the two groups of motors are of a similar nature, that is 6 equa s this being obtained by regulation of the fluxes so that g equals and equals 4/ letting 2' represent the current in each group of. motors, and promising that the currents in the armature parts A and A indicated by 2' 2 are equal, and that the currents 4' 97 in the parts A AQ, are also equal, the operation of this system or arrangement will be as follows.

The operation may for convenience oi de seription be divided into four periods; two oi starting, and two of braking, which will be hereafter referred to as periods a, o, c, and

(a) First period or" starting.

The motors M M are switched into the circuit by placing switches K and K upon stuc s of the contacts 1, thus connecting the motors in shunt with the end armature" A and A at 10 and 11, and 13 and 1 1- rcspecti 'e- 1y. The fluxes b 5 are increased or the fluxes 4) decreased so as to supply to the motors hi M the two E. M. F.s 6 6 which are always greater than their proper counter-E. M. F.

The main line supplies to the motors M( M and the transforming device a current which (neglecting the currents v1 representing transformer losses) is equal to the difference between currents i and i and power which in creases from O to V2', each motor or group oi motors M M absorbing power which is inreased from O to At the end of this period, the two groups of motors M M may be connected in series by placing K K on contacts 2 which lead to the middle point 12 oi the transforming device.

(.71) Second period of starting.

The contacts K are placed upon the points 3, so that M, is connected between 10 and 13, and M between 11 and 1%. The fluxes are decreased or the fluxes d; increased so that the motors will still be supplied with two E. M. F.s c o 6 a; 0 which are always greater than their proper counter-E. M. F.

A, and A now act motors and A A as generators, the main line supplying power which is increased from Vi to 2V, and each of the groups M absorbing a power increasing from If the motors M M are suitably excited by an auxiliary exciter to enable them to operate as generators in a reliable manner, would be capable (in addition to the bra eii ect which they might produce in parallel. in accordance with their characteristics at constant voltage V) oi reducing a braking eliect according to the two following periods.

(0) First braking period.

K and K placed on contracts 3 thereby connecting M between 10 and 13 and M between 11 and 1%. The fluxes b are increased or the fluxes o qfW- decreased so as to supply to t 1e generators M M two counter-E. M. F.s e +c =c le +e which always somewhat below their proper E. M. F.

Tie action, a whole, will be similar to that which takes place during the second period of starting, except that the period is ormed in the reverse manner and that i eater by reason of the added losses in thc .iary exciter.

(cl) Second braking period.

K and K are placed on contacts 1, thereby connecting M between 10 and 11, and M between 13 and 1a. The fluxes b are decreased or the fluxes O -O increased so as to supply to the generators M M two ccun M. F.s 6 6 which are always somewhat less than their proper E. M. F.

The action, as a whole, will be similar to that which takes place in the first p riod oi starting, except for the differences which have been indicated above.

The current 2' is regulated, during the starting, by regulating the excess of voltage supplied to the motors in relation to the E. M. F. which they produce at the given speed by means of the transforming device. During the braking, the regulation is carried out in a similar manner by adjusting the reduction oi voltage supplied to the motors in relation to the same E. M. F. The device may be started and braked at constant current, or with current which is variable, as may be desired.

Each of the four machines A A: A A will alternately absorb and supply a maxi- 1 mum power Ve and an average power 5 VL; the group of four machines thus corresponds 1 to a temporary maximum power V), which is equal to one-fourth the power of the m0- tors winch are supplied with current; the average power of the group during the intermediate periods lfivi which equals one sixth of the power of the motors supplier with current. Moreover, all the machines 1 have a voltage V instead of voltage V,

be added a fifth contact piece for short-circuiting lv' 1 and M- M ind M being shorti l of the braking, if necescircuited at the one sed or and the operan to the series or": dating devices, may be effected by a single controller or the like which is provided with hand or with distant SGLVO-Ill or control; the servo-meter may be controlled by relays which act during the starting when the current taken by the mo tors falls below given point, and duringthe l,-ral;' when the current supplied by the mote rails below nether given point.

'- cu of the invention consists in i til, n exciter for the groups of opera- "tors, so arranged that when starting norm running it acted on by z lg current, that is the current tak- 1- motors while during braking and erat'on it is acted on by a demagnetizing cue current supplied by the re shows such an arrangement, r i t- ;citer E 1s mounted on the same n Fig. l the armatures of the motors-z M i M are directly con- )Oliil'r: l0 and 14 of the regulat a or group. These arn'iatures are h the iield windings 1O 11 and rose ends 11 and 13 should be rely connected with the points 11 and "1c machine or up during the period i tlp ts l3 and 11 during the Each of these field windings is and lain a perniai'ient manner and are acted upon by the magnet g current during the start ing and the working (the cur enttahcn by the l bv i inc; current i by the mo kin and g he urren L for i: i-orina eperatio 1* i3 and receive th 7,

rent as the letter.

13 are connected the recuperation on the contrary, they are disconnected from the preceding and connected with a small excitcr E supplied for the purpose and driven by the machine or by the group with constant flux which is here 1 iployed (operating partially as a motor of the known type excited in shunt and supplied at constant tension) the said exciter supplying to the same a magnetizing current. instead of using four general conductors '1" col two proceed to the two groups of zn-matures and two are brought respectively irom all th points 11 and 13", eight general conductors may be used whereof two procee f. to the two groups oi arn'ialurcs and ln'cugl'it respectively From all the ll ll' 13 13 13, in order rirry out all the required control opera- As ewards apparatus the following rrc rcquiret two 24 m s vitches for respec tirely connecting the fOtlF-POll'lt switches K K either v.1 1 the conductors brought from the terminals 11 and 13' during the peic-ds (a) and or with the conductors brou l from the terminals ll and 18 dur- '19 the periods (0) and (6!); two 2-way ice for respectively connecting the two conductors brought from the terminals 11" 2:: d 13', either with the conductors brought rom the terminals 11 and 13 during the periods and or with the positive A H m tive lQQTIIllllllS of the auxiliary exciter during the periods (0) and (d) and a simple switch for connecting the conductor brought from the terminals 11 with the conductor rought from the terminals 13 during the periods (6-) and ((5), and for braking this connection during the periods (a) and (3)). These five apparatus may on. the ther hand be combined in a single device with two positions, one for the starting and .he other for the braking".

In Figures 2 and 3 there is shown an arrangement of the transformer 0'? Figure l which consists of two machines disposed to gether on the same axis, each having two main poles, and auxiliary er ccnipensating pales it required; each machine lnviug an armature with two distinct windings and two collectors, or commutators, each collector havtwo brushes.

The four windings w llCll are always connected in such manner that the E. l\[. F.s shall be added, should be situated in the following order first winding 01 the first armature, then the two windings of the second armature, and finally the second winding of the first armature. Each of the four correcting poles may be supplied by the current passing in either of the two corresponding brushes in or n, m or n, m or 'n', m or mitted to a variable flux as follows:

0, 5o, 0, 5 0 Whilst the two windings of the second armature comprised between the poles P and Q are submitted to the variable flux as follows: d), 0, go, 0,; d). The

total net flux of the group is equal to 1), 'a

little more or less as for the machine described in connection with Fig. 12.

Fig. 1 shows a complete diagram of instal lation for all types of machines. WVhatever may be the type adopted, this installs. "ion includes two ammeters a (a, two switches 7c, for iour positions, the switches or contact devices which may be necessary to modify the exciter circuit of the motors when they are required to operate as generators for braking and for recuperation, the slides and sets of contact studs for the different devices used to regulate the flux, it requires, or like de-,

VlCBS.

The four positions of the switches 70 763 correiniond to the followingconnections: position (1) to the periods (a) and ((Z) (motors in imperfect series) position to the operation 01" the motors in series without the use of the machine or the group; position 3 to the periods (6) and (c) (motors in imperfect shunt); position i to the operation of the motors in parallel without the use of: the machine or the group.

The position (2) prevents current from passing in an unnecessary mannerinthe windings comprised between points 11 and 13. Position (4) prevents such passage of current in the windings comprised firstly between points 10 and 11 and secondly between points 13 and 14. These positions will thus serve to relieve the group by excluding the current-carrying circuits, aside from the variable periods (a) (b) (0) ((Z). As concerns the control of the contact switches 70, 71: the various switches which may be necessary for varying the excitation of the motors when these are required to act as generators, and the slides moving upon series of contact pieces used for regulating variable fiunes, or like devices,this control may be carried out by means of a single controller, or a lilre device.

This latter may be operated by hand or at a distance by servomotor. turn be controlled by relays adapted to move forward the controller during the starting when the current taken by the motors falls below a given point, and to move it forward during the braking, when the current supplied by the motors falls below another given point.

The machines and groups having a constant total flux and supplied at a constant tension will operate at a constant speed, and therefore they may be used in an accessory The latter may in for the two windings of the first armature and the second for the two windin s the second armature, and means whereby to vary the fiux of the first field winding and to vary the flux of the second field winding.

2. A direct current regulating machine, comprising two similar armatures, mounted on the same shaft and each having two similar windings and two similar commutators, the tour windings being connected in series through eight brushes in the following order; the first winding of the first armature, the two windings of the second armature and the second winding of the first armature, two field windings the first of which being provided tor the two windings of the first armature and the second for the two windings of the second armature, means being provided whereby to vary the flu of the first field winding and to vary by an equal quantity but in an opposite direction the fiux of the second field winding.

3. A direct current transformer or pressure splitting device comprising tw similar armatures, mounted on the same shaft and each having two similar windings anl two commutators, the "four windings being connected in series through eight brushes in the following order; the first winding of the armature, the two windings of the second armature and the second winding of the first armature, so that the E. M. produced therein added, a field magnet structure for each armature, sepaate field windings for each field magnet structure and means whereby the fiux produced by the field windings may be varied.

t. A direct current pressure splitting device, comprising a set having two similar armatures having two extreme and at least two intermediate terminals, said armatures being mounted on the same shaft and each having two similar windings and two com mutators, the tour armature windings being connected in series through eight brushes in the following order: the first winding of the first armature, the two windings ot' the second armature and the second winding of the first armature, two structures each provided with windings to produce fields for the respective armatures, means whereby to vary the flux of the iii t held and whereoy to vary equally hut in an opposite sense the flux of the second field so to vary symmetrically the pressures at the intern'ieciate terminals with rear set to the pressures applied to the l oi the device and maintain nstant speed of the device.

A c rect current pressure splitting de vice comprising a set oi? four armature windconnectcd in series across a distribi'iting line, the having two extreme and at least two intermediate s mmetrical term'aals, the windings having the extreme terminals being similar and ca ried by a first armature core, and those having the intermediate terminals, carried by a second armature core, cores being mounted on the same shaft fiel d windings for the cores and means whereby to vary the fluxes through the armature windings ou the first armature core and whereby to vary as desired the iluz; through the armature windings-i oi the second armature core, to as to vary syunmetrically tl pressures at the interineijliate with respect to the pressures applied to the extreme terminal of the device.

6. A direct current transiormer or pres sure splitting device comprisin tour similar armature windin mounted on the same shaft and connected. in seri ietween the terminals of the line, two similar field windings, connected in series through a variable resistai ce across said line for the two armature windings directly connected to said terminals and two similar field windings and a variable re sistance connected in series across said line for the other two armature winoings.

7. A direct current trai sformer or i sure splitting device co ,0: .i n our armature wind ngs moun the same sna l and connected in series hctween the terminals of the line, two similar field wim ings, connected in series through a varial le resi, ance across said line, for the two armature wind ings directly connected to said terminals and two similar field windings and a variable resistance connected in series across said line for the other two armature windings, and means to vary the flu); of the two first mentioned field windings a d to vary equally, but in an opposite sense, the flux of the two second mentioned field windings.

8. A direct current transformer or pressure spli ting device con'zprising; two similar end armature win, ings connected rcspectivel to the two terminals of the line an-cl each havi commutator fitted to hall the line tension; at least one armature winding connected in series between said two end windings and having at least one commutator fitted to the full line tension; all these windings being wound upon armatures mounted on the same shaft; field windings to equally excite said two end windings and at least one field winding to excite said at least one intermediate winding,

whereby the device splits the pressure of the line in at least three portions two of which are equal to each other.

9. A direct current transformer or pressure splitting device comprising; two similar end armature windings connected respectively to the two terminals of the line and each having a coinn'iutator fitted to halt the line tension; at least one armature winding connected in series between two end windings and having at least one coinn'iutator fitted to the full line tension; all these windings being wound upon armatures mounted on the same shaft; field windings with respective rheostats to equally excite said two end windings and at least one field winding with respective rheostat to excite said at least one intermediate winding, whereby the device splits the pressure of the line in at least three portions two of which at the two ends of the series are equal to each other.

10. A symmetrical pressure splitting dcvice comprising; two armature windings directly connected to the two terminals of the line and a group of armature windings connected in series between said two armature windings; all the armature windings being mounted on the same shaft; the two armature windings directly connected to the line each having a commutator fitted to half the line tension; the group of interconnected armature windi gs having commutators fitted together to the full line tension; field structures for the two armature windings directly connected to the line; field structures for the group of interconnected armature windings; means to vary on one side the magnetic fluxes through the two armature windings directly connected to the line so that these two fluxes are always equal to each other; and means to vary the magnetic fluxes through the group of interconnected armature windings so that the sum of these fluxes vary in contrary sense to that of the sum of the fluxes through the two armature windings directly connected to the line.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature.

ANGELO DELLA RICCIA. 

